On the other hand, Slovenian grammatical gender try completely grammaticalized and could or might not overlap having physical sex

von Doreen

24.September 2023

Aside from the male suffix -ec, which had been previously discussed by the Vidovic-Muha (), the study including relates to the newest Slovenian masculine suffix -ar

The initial part of the paper is all about this new derivation away from feminine and you will male nouns to possess professions into the English and you may Slovenian. The analysis signifies that the fresh new prominent type of feminine nouns inside the Bodo in Norway wife price each other dialects comes to derivation thru affixation, if you are English also features compounding. Masculinatives are unusual both in dialects; he is primarily formed in relation to specialities which have been traditionally sensed an element of the female fields. New suffix isn’t energetic but can remain seen in the term babicar (‚male midwife‘). The most known difference between both dialects is that modern English seems to be leaving the aid of gender-marked versions (with the exception of this new uncommon feminatives that continue to be), whereas from inside the Slovenian, because the evidenced by corpus analysis, the utilization of feminatives is on the rise. The reason for it asymmetry is grounded on the truth that English possess an almost non-existent grammatical gender system, and often spends a comparable words to explain a good person employed in a certain community. Ergo, regarding feminine referents the utilization of feminine nouns became common, once the use of male generic variations is on the newest refuse.

The corpus research suggests that the difference between masculine and you will women nouns to have disciplines would be best shown of the investigating the collocators, semantic choice, and you will semantic associations (Sinclair 1996 and you will Philip 2010).

Slovenian nouns denoting professions has obvious referents pertaining to gender, in addition to their modern-day play with – confirmed inside corpora – suggests a clear inclination on the arrangement anywhere between grammatical and you can physiological genders

New collocators from English male and feminine nouns to your checked professions (actress/actor, policewoman/policeman inside the waiter/waiter) demonstrates that it display some semantic environments: relevant specialities; locations and you can landscaping on the occupation; individual names; terminology explaining the standard of their work; additionally the typical measures with the job. Particular certain associative meanings are found whenever we have a look at the newest collocators explaining people attributes and appearance. The brand new feminatives usually co-can be found with terms to have stereotypically feminine characteristics and you will identification (together with sexual

connotations). This can be prior to Caldas-Coulthard and you may Moon (2010), just who establish such as for example asymmetries which have stereotypes out-of gender, sexualization of females, in addition to as we grow older and conduct.

Slovenian male/female pairs having disciplines inform you similar conclusions. From semantic preference, we are able to observe words about regular tips; normal urban centers and landscaping; relevant procedures; character traits; and look. Yet the corpus data along with let you know some high distinctions. The brand new pairs out of Slovenian male and feminine nouns talking about professions would be divided in to a couple of groups. The original one comprises sets that will be semantically equivalent and you will stylistically un), as sets regarding the 2nd classification is actually subject to (an amount of) semantic narrowing and you may stylistic marking.

A prototype to your basic category is the few zdravnica/zdravnik (‚female/male doctor‘), each of that can co-occur having expressions speaing frankly about the kind of functions, normal tips and associated disciplines. The female nouns such pairs is actually stylistically unmarked. The same end are attained into the sets sodnica/sodnik (‚female/men judge‘) and you may vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj (‚female/male kindergarten teacher‘), however with good caveat. The type of the pair sodnica/sodnik overlap from the industries away from laws and you can athletics; however, the information in addition to reflect the newest public position of one’s career – the first positions (age.grams., constitutional evaluator) will always be generally booked for men. The pair vzgojiteljica/vzgojitelj can be described as a great borderline situation between designated and unmarked definition. The fresh new corpus analysis highly recommend a level of semantic narrowing and you may stylistic marking: the meaning of „teacher from inside the students dorm“ relates to guys, as the usage of adjectives (patient women and you will tight guys) factors to gender stereotyping.

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